At Information Works Inc. in Saratoga Springs, NY, USA we believe studying the past's realities and the futures potentials creates a synergism for intelligent paths forward. |
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Copyright 2018 by Richard O. Aichele & Information Works Inc.
PO Box 4725, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866 USA |
THE RAILROAD INFRASTRUCTURE |
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THE MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE |
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SHIPS - Propulsion Pods Optimize Ship Hydrodynamics Performance |
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HISTORY THAT CHANGED THE WORLD |
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THE ENVIRONMENTS OF EARTH AND SPACE |
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MINERAL AND SPA WATERS |
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Worldwide surface transportation advances are driven by environmental concerns, growing populations on the move, expaning international commerce, state-of-the-art technologies and innovative leadership . High Speed passenger rail and fast intercontinental rail service is an expanding reality in France, Germany, Italy Britain, China and Japan. That reality does not exist yet in other major nations such as the United States due to lack of funding. 
The railroads connected the nation and their evolution from steam to diesel and electric locomotives, the streamliner first class passengers trains, and the local trains that reached thousands of towns and cities creating routes for commerce and travel for everyone. 
Steam powered railroad locomotives for over a century evolved with excellent technical designs and often unique appearances. Their supporting infrastructure was based on roundhouses for maintenance. . 
European railroad steam locomotive power ended in the early 1980s. Here is a look at Germany's steam power in 1972. The steam era still lives there - with two great steam locomotives for main line steam fan trips. 
Building the railroad tunnels under the Hudson River between New Jersey and New York is the story of innovations, dedication, failures and finally total success that allowed passenger train operations from the late 1800s to the present day. 
From the early 1900s until the 1950s ocean liners represented the state-of-the-art technologies, styles and service. The Queen Mary, Titanic, Europa, United States, Ile de France, Andrea Doria and hundreds of other ships that carried business and pleasure travellers plus providing immigrants safe passage. 
The vessels that have sailed and still sail on America's inland rivers, lakes and seaports including are the Mississippi River with the Delta Queen, overnight river boats on inland lakes and rivers such as the Hudson River. 
Marine engineering's complex skills are vital during shipyard work ensuring every detail is completed correctly such as during the refurbishment of the cruise ship Grand Princess. 
The technical innovations of propulsion pods replaces rudders, allowing better ship hull designs and the performance capabilities of vessels
Returning after 50 years brought back many memories of the daily life and death at the front lines. The old battlefields in France and Belgium contain many old forts, trenches, graveyards, monuments and some areas of still barren ground. 
Verdun, Gallipoli, Arras, Somme and Flanders are just a few places of battles 100 years ago but still alive based on the memories and stories of the ordinary soldiers of both sides who were there. These are some of their stories illustrated with photos and maps.
(1914-1918) Jutland, Coronel, Falkland Islands and Dardenelles were the places sailors of both sides fought with their warships. This artcile is based on the sailors reports and memories.
Millions of men were sent to the Western Front battlefields but hundreds of thousands of soldiers disappeared in the explosions and mud. This is a tribute to those soldiers from all nations who fought there and still remain there.
The NASA In-Sight underground exploration spacecraft is enroute to Mars will study the planet's interior by measuring its heat output and listen for marsquakes.
Extraterrestrial (ET) Intelligent Civilizations have been speculated about since the beginning of man on the earth. Just within the Milky Way that includes our Earth there are more than 100 billion stars with planets possibly containing forms of life. Have they visited earth?
The RUST (Resources and Under Sea Threats) program, established by NOAA, is a comprehensive conservation program to identify the more than 7,000 sunken vessels that may still contain 1.3 billion gallons of fuel oil. 
The roles of low profile hydro power, new water turbine designs designed to reduce impacts on the migratory fish, harnessing the tides and Apples's expansion of clean hydro power use.
Fuel Cell improvments of new catalyst uses cheaper metals such as nickel and iron that can split hydrogen as fast as two molecules per second competitive with commercial catalysts.
Hot springs and mineral springs have been known for over 1,000 years as a potential source of healthy benefits. The locations of North American "mineral waters" and their therapeutic health benefits are can still be enjoyed.
The waters of Saratoga Springs, New York have long been famous. This article describes the mineral producing geology of the area, the Saratoga Spa State Park's mineral water fountains, rediscovery of the famous Champion 2 Spring, the Vale of Springs, the downtown High Rock Spring and nearby Ballston Spa, New York. 
Water from the Ferndell Spring beginning in 1916 became famous as a non-mineral still water. It was bottled until the early 1940s. Additional research about this spring and bottling facilities continues.