Environment & Infrastructure |
 Healthy Mineral Spring Waters Saratoga Springs, NY - Balneology - Geology - History Underground mineral spring waters made Saratoga Springs and Balston Spa famous health resorts. Geological realities including glacial Lake Albany led to mineral water springs and, for a brief period, a premier New York State spa resort .
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Sunken Ships - A Pollution Threat Thousands of ships sank in U.S. coastal waters. NOAA's Under Sea Threats Programs known as RUST and RULET administered by the U.S. Coast Guard identifies them and watches for pollution. In 2019, recovery of 450,000 gallons of oil from a sunken ship torpedoed in 1942 off Long Island, New York averted a major pollution incident.
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 Farewell to Germany's Steam Railroads Europe's steam locomotives phased out in the 1960s. Enjoy the remaining locomotives in 1972 based in Tübingen, Germany. Enjoy the Video of two operating steam locomotives.
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 Building A Underwater Railroad Tunnel 117 Years Ago the first railroad tunnels under the Hudson River were completed. The Hudson Tubes were the first rail connections between New Jersey and New York City.
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The Great War - 1914 to 1918 |
The Great War At
Sea |
Turkey's successful defense against the British and French navies in the Dardanelles and German - British naval battles at Coronel, the Falkland Islands and Dogger Bank were important strategic naval events. The two day battle of Jutland with 261 warships ended in stalemate. The bravery of the sailors was never in doubt but thousands of sailors' lives were lost in part by poor planning at high levels. Sunken warships located 105 years later are still answering many historical questions.
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 War in the Trenches
To all soldiers the word Trenches meant sacrifices. Trenches at Gallipoli, Turkey and hundreds of miles of trenches across Belgium and France were World War 1's battlefields. Histories of soldiers from all the countries who fought have been kept alive by preserved diaries, wartime documents, memories, stories, maps and photos.
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 Silent Night in the Trenches World War One was 146 days old when many German, French and British ordinary soldiers in trenches saw the futility of man against machine guns and explosive shells. Christmas Eve 1914 guns in some areas fell silent replaced by Christmas songs in French, German and English. Soldiers peacefully met enemy soldiers in No-Mans Land.
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 Americans At the Front American Expeditionary Force (AEF) soldiers arrived at the Western Front including the Fifty-Third Field Artillery Brigade. Among them were units deployed after arrival in France on the active front line duty supporting infantry units of the 28th Division at Mezy on the Vesle River on August 2, 1918.
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Remembering The Missing In Action |
Millions of men during the Great War were sent to the Western Front battlefields. Hundreds of thousands of those soldiers completely disappeared. One incident: A French trench walls collapsed instantaneously leaving only the soldiers' rifle barrels protruding and it became the Trench of the Bayonets memorial." This Remembering the Missing website commemorates all the missing in action on land and at sea of all nations.
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